{"id":18086,"date":"2019-01-04T15:46:46","date_gmt":"2019-01-04T13:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/vestures-un-juras-interesentiem\/koge\/"},"modified":"2021-02-26T13:08:11","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T11:08:11","slug":"koge","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/vestures-un-juras-interesentiem\/koge\/","title":{"rendered":"Koge"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\"><b>Koges laiks un b\u016bt\u012bba<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">13.\u201317. gadsimt\u0101 Baltijas J\u016br\u0101 saimniekoja Hanzas Savien\u012bba \u2013 liela tirdzniec\u012bbas pils\u0113tas vienojo\u0161a organiz\u0101cija, kur\u0101 ietilpa Zieme\u013cv\u0101cijas, Holandes, Livonijas un Skandin\u0101vijas pils\u0113tas. Hanzas pils\u0113tas savstarp\u0113jos sakarus uztur\u0113ja galvenok\u0101rt ar ku\u0123iem, ta\u010du t\u0101 laika koka ku\u0123i saglab\u0101ju\u0161ies tikai da\u017ei.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">Par kog\u0113m viduslaikos sauca Zieme\u013ceirop\u0101 pla\u0161i izplat\u012btos buriniekus, kurus izmantoja gan pre\u010du p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anai, gan k\u0101 kara ku\u0123us. \u0160ie ku\u0123i bija ietilp\u012bgi, ar lielu kravas telpu, parasti ar vienu mastu un lielu r\u0101jburu. Kogei bija ar\u012b v\u0113l citas uzb\u016bves \u012bpatn\u012bbas, p\u0113c kur\u0101m to viegli var\u0113ja at\u0161\u0137irt no citiem t\u0101 laika ku\u0123iem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\"><b>Koges vraka atra\u0161ana<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">Tallinas v\u0113stures avotos ir vair\u0101kas liec\u012bbas par posto\u0161aj\u0101m v\u0113tr\u0101m, kas sagr\u0101va ostas b\u016bves un appludin\u0101ja ku\u0123us, ir ar\u012b zin\u0101ms, ka zem pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101s ostas apak\u0161\u0101 ir ku\u0123u atliekas. T\u0101p\u0113c arheologi nebija \u012bpa\u0161i izbr\u012bn\u012bti, kad 2015. gad\u0101, biju\u0161aj\u0101 Kadrioru parka teritorij\u0101, b\u016bv\u0113jot dz\u012bvojamo m\u0101ju, tika atrasti divi ku\u0123u vraki.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">Pirmajam izraktajam ku\u0123im, kuru nosauca par Viljo vraku, bija saglab\u0101jies tikai gabals apak\u0161da\u013cas un kreis\u0101 borta. P\u0113c koksnes vecuma anal\u012bzes var\u0113ja noteikt, ka tas bija 15. gadsimta beig\u0101s p\u0113c klinkerplankojuma tehnikas b\u016bv\u0113ts ku\u0123is.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">Otro ku\u0123i atrada, uzst\u0101dot pamatu padzi\u013cin\u0101juma sienu, kad ekskavators p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i izraka koka ku\u0123a deta\u013cas. \u0160o vraku par godu ekskavatora vad\u012bt\u0101jam nosauca par P\u0113teri. Pirmaj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b \u0161\u0137ita, ka vraks ir gal\u012bgi sadal\u012bjies \u2013 no zemes r\u0113goj\u0101s atdal\u012bju\u0161\u0101s deta\u013cas un liel\u0101ki korpuisa gabali, t\u0101p\u0113c rad\u0101s iespaids, ka tie ir veseli divi vraki. Tom\u0113r, rokot dzi\u013c\u0101k, par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s 18 m gar\u0161 un 6 m plats ku\u0123a korpuss. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\"><b>Atradumi blakus kogei<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">Jo vair\u0101k vraks tika atdal\u012bts no zemes, jo vair\u0101k p\u0101rsteigumu atkl\u0101j\u0101s. Gan ku\u0123\u012b iek\u0161\u0101, gan tam apk\u0101rt tika atrasti keramikas trauki, darbar\u012bki, \u0101das cimdi, apavi, k\u0101 ar\u012b citi (ac\u012bmredzot) ap\u0123\u0113rba gabali. Izfr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s, ka ku\u0123is ar div\u0101m starpsien\u0101m ir sadal\u012bts trij\u0101s telp\u0101s. Paka\u013cgala telp\u0101 atrad\u0101s apdegu\u0161i \u0137ie\u0123e\u013ci, zivju asakas, koka muca, akmens piesta, k\u0101 ar\u012b dzirnakmens graudu mal\u0161anai. Ac\u012bmredzot paka\u013c\u0113j\u0101 telpa kalpoja par kamb\u012bzi, kur glab\u0101ja \u0113dienu un gatavoja komandai \u0113st. Liel\u0101k\u0101 telpa noteikti bija noliktavas telpa, jo tur tika atrastas koka mucas ar zivju asak\u0101m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">Ku\u0123\u012b atrastie m\u0101la trauki galvenok\u0101rt gatavoti V\u0101cij\u0101 un p\u0113c ekspertu v\u0113rt\u0113jumiem attiec\u0101s uz 14. gadsimtu. Lai dat\u0113tu pa\u0161u ku\u0123i, tika \u0146emti 16 koksnes paraugi un analiz\u0113ti Tartu Universit\u0101tes laboratorij\u0101s. Noskaidroj\u0101s, ka ku\u0123a b\u016bvei izmantotie koki (ozols un priede) ir cirsti 13. gadsimta beig\u0101s, m\u016bsdienu Polijas teritorij\u0101. T\u0101tad ku\u0123is var\u0113ja b\u016bt b\u016bv\u0113ts 14. gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">Visticam\u0101k pa Baltijas j\u016bru galvenok\u0101rt kurs\u0113ju\u0161ais ku\u0123is nogrima net\u0101lu no Tallinas 14. gadsimta pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113 jeb laik\u0101, kad Tallina akt\u012bvi tirgoj\u0101s ar cit\u0101m pils\u0113t\u0101m. Ar\u012b ku\u0123a forma nor\u0101da uz to, ka tas ir ku\u0123is, kas kurs\u0113jis starp Hanzas Savien\u012bbas pils\u0113t\u0101m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\"><b>Atraduma noz\u012bme<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">P\u0113c ku\u0123a att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas no augsnes noskaidroj\u0101s, ka iepriek\u0161\u0113jie pie\u0146\u0113mumi biju\u0161i pareizi. Ku\u0123a borti b\u016bv\u0113ti klinkertehnik\u0101, ta\u010du pamatne \u2013 karveltehnik\u0101. Plankas pie k\u0101rts bija piestiprin\u0101tas ar koka tap\u0101m, bet klinkerteknik\u0101 savietot\u0101s plankas sav\u0101 starp\u0101 bija savienotas ar dzelzs nagl\u0101m, kuru gali bija saloc\u012bti un iedz\u012bti atpaka\u013c. Starpu aizbl\u012bv\u0113\u0161anai bija izmantotas s\u016bnas, kur\u0101m priek\u0161\u0101 bija aizsistas koka l\u012bstes. P\u0113c not\u012br\u012b\u0161anas izdev\u0101s atrast ar\u012b l\u012bstu nostiprin\u0101\u0161anai izmantot\u0101s met\u0101la skavas. Ku\u0123a kravas telp\u0101 atrad\u0101s k\u012blsons kop\u0101 ar masta pamatni, kur\u0101 ievietotais masts reiz tur\u0113ja lielu r\u0101jburu. Visas paz\u012bmes, ku\u0123a platais un plakanais \u0137\u012blis un taisnais vadnis \u2013 tas viss nor\u0101da, ka \u0161is ku\u0123is pieder\u012bjis ku\u0123u tipam, ko sauc par kogi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\">Kog\u0113m bija milz\u012bga noz\u012bme viduslaiku Baltijas j\u016bras tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101. Glu\u017ei t\u0101pat k\u0101 m\u016bsdien\u0101s, ar\u012b tolaik liela pre\u010du apjoma p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anu visefekt\u012bv\u0101k var\u0113ja veikt pa j\u016bru, un \u0161o darbu Hanzas Savien\u012bbas laik\u0101 veica koges. Zin\u0101tnieki uzskata, ka bez kog\u0113m Hanzas Savien\u012bbas pils\u0113tu t\u012bkls visp\u0101r neb\u016btu radies. Koges bija \u012bsti darba zirgi, kas veda l\u0101\u010d\u0101das un vasku no Krievijas un visda\u017e\u0101d\u0101k\u0101s preces: desas, zivis, alu, v\u012bnu no V\u0101cijas. Svar\u012bga prece bija ar\u012b Lineburg\u0101 un Baij\u0101 ieg\u016btais s\u0101ls, kas piln\u0101m ku\u0123u tilpn\u0113m tika vests uz austrumu pusi. S\u0101ls tirdzniec\u012bba bija viens no Tallinas bag\u0101t\u012bbas avotiem, un gadu gait\u0101 caur Tallinas ostu izg\u0101ja simtiem \u0161o ku\u0123u. T\u0101p\u0113c koges atra\u0161ana Tallinas piekrast\u0113 bija tikpat noz\u012bm\u012bga, cik vikingu ku\u0123a atra\u0161ana S\u0101rem\u0101. Pirmo reizi mums ir iesp\u0113jams dz\u012bv\u0113 apskat\u012bt kogi, kas pieg\u0101d\u0101ja preces viduslaiku Tallinai \u2013 jo pateicoties \u0161iem ku\u0123iem Tallina izveidojusies t\u0101da, k\u0101du to redzam \u0161obr\u012bd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>P\u0101rbaudiet gr\u0101matas\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/meremuuseumipood.ee\/en\/product-category\/books\/\">https:\/\/meremuuseumipood.ee\/en\/product-category\/books\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"lv-LV\"><i>Literat\u016bras avoti<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"lv-LV\">:<br \/>\nRoio, M <\/span><span lang=\"lv-LV\"><i>et. al. <\/i><\/span><span lang=\"lv-LV\">2016. Medieval ship finds from Kadriorg, Tallinn. &#8211; Archaeological Fieldwork in Estonia 2015, 139\u2013158.<br \/>\nRoio, M <\/span><span lang=\"lv-LV\"><i>et. al. <\/i><\/span><span lang=\"lv-LV\">2016. Uppunud vrakid Kadrioru maap\u00f5uest. \u2013 Pieminek\u013cu aizsardz\u012bbas gadagr\u0101mata 2015, 4\u20138.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Koges laiks un b\u016bt\u012bba 13.\u201317. gadsimt\u0101 Baltijas J\u016br\u0101 saimniekoja Hanzas Savien\u012bba \u2013 liela tirdzniec\u012bbas pils\u0113tas vienojo\u0161a organiz\u0101cija, kur\u0101 ietilpa Zieme\u013cv\u0101cijas, Holandes, Livonijas un Skandin\u0101vijas pils\u0113tas. Hanzas pils\u0113tas savstarp\u0113jos sakarus uztur\u0113ja&#8230;","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":18062,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18086","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18086"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18086"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20487,"href":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18086\/revisions\/20487"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meremuuseum.ee\/paksmargareeta\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}